Isigaba Sokujula Semboni 4.0: Isibikezelo Esibanzi Semikhuba Yamarobhothi E-Servo E-Three-Axis Eminyakeni Emihlanu Ezayo

Isigaba Sokujula Semboni 4.0: Isibikezelo Esibanzi Semikhuba Yamarobhothi E-Servo E-Three-Axis Eminyakeni Emihlanu Ezayo

Njengoba izinga lokungena ngobuhlakani embonini yokukhiqiza yomhlaba wonke lifinyelela ku-35% kanye nezinga lokumbozwa kwamafektri ahlakaniphile esifundeni saseYangtze River Delta eShayina lidlula ku-37%, imboni yokukhiqiza idlula ekushintsheni okubalulekile kusukela "eziqhingini zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela" kuya "ekuhlakanipheni komhlaba wonke." Kule nqubo, amarobhothi e-servo ane-axis ezintathu, njengemoto eyinhloko yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo okuguquguqukayo, ziyashintsha kusukela kumathuluzi endabuko athatha indawo yomsebenzi ophindaphindayo kuya kuma-node ahlakaniphile axhumanisa amawele edijithali nomhlaba ongokoqobo. Ngokusekelwe kudatha yakamuva yemboni kanye nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, lesi sihloko sihlaziya umzila wokuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi e-servo ane-axis ezintathu eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo kusukela emibonweni emithathu: intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwemakethe, kanye nokuvela kwemvelo, okuhlinzeka ngesiqondiso sokwenza izinqumo zokuguqulwa okuhlakaniphile kwezinkampani zokukhiqiza.

Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe: Ukugxuma Okusuka Ekusebenziseni Ngokuqondile Kuya Ekuhlakanipheni Kokuqonda

Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe kwamarobhothi e-servo ane-axis amathathu kuqhutshwa isu elinamaphuzu amabili "lokuthuthuka okunembile + ukungena okuhlakaniphile." Ngo-2023, ukunemba kwezinhlelo ze-servo zasekhaya kwase kuthuthuke kwafika ku-±0.02 mm, futhi ukuphindaphindeka kwase kuncishisiwe kwafika ku-±0.05 mm. Lezi zinkomba sezifinyelele amazinga aphezulu omhlaba wonke, zinikeza isisekelo sokukhiqiza okunembile. Okuphawuleka kakhulu, ngokusetshenziswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe be-5G kanye ne-AI edge computing, imishini isheshisa ukuvela kwayo ohlelweni "lokubona-ukwenza-isinqumo" oluvaliwe. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2025, izinga lokungena kwamamodeli ahlonyiswe ngamakhono okubona okubonakalayo e-AI lizodlula u-50%, okusho ukuthi iningi lama-3-Amarobhothi e-Axis izoba namakhono okuqaphela okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokulungisa okuguquguqukayo.

Ukubambisana kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwabantu nemishini sekuyizindawo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe. Ngo-2023, amarobhothi asebenzisanayo anama-axis amathathu amboze u-29% wezinqubo zokuhlanganisa ngokunemba embonini ye-3C, futhi lesi silinganiso kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke sifike ku-35% ngo-2025. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa akubonakali nje kuphela kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokulawula amandla—i- Ithini Lerobhothi lungisa amandla ayo ngokushesha lapho ithintana nomsebenzi—kodwa futhi ngezindlela zokuphepha ezintsha. Ngokuhlanganisa i-radar yamagagasi angamamilimitha kanye nezinzwa ezibonakalayo, ukuqapha okunamandla kwebanga eliphephile phakathi kwabantu nemishini kufezwa. Ucwaningo lwesibonelo kumkhiqizi wenkontileka ye-elekthronikhi lubonisa ukuthi ukwethulwa kwamarobhothi asebenzisanayo anama-axis amathathu kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yomugqa wokukhiqiza kusuka ku-65% kuya ku-89%, kuyilapho kunciphisa nezinga lokulimala ngo-72%.

Ukuvuthwa komklamo we-modular kuwukushintsha amamodeli okuthunyelwa kwemishini. Imikhiqizo yamanje evamile isebenzisa imiklamo ejwayelekile yesixhumi esibonakalayo, inciphisa imijikelezo yokuthunyelwa ngo-40%. Isikhathi sokubuyisela ingxenye eyodwa yemishini yezinkampani ezincane neziphakathi zokucubungula ama-elekthronikhi sincishisiwe saba ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-18. Lolu hlobo lokuxhuma nokudlala, oluhlanganiswe nesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuhlela izithombe, luvumela ngisho namabhizinisi amancane naphakathi angenabo onjiniyela be-robotics abangochwepheshe ukuthi basebenzise ngokushesha ukuzenzakalela. Lokhu kuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kuqhutshwa ukuvuthwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Ngo-2023, izinkampani zasekhaya zase zifinyelele izinga lokufakwa kwendawo elingu-65% lezingxenye ezibalulekile. Nakuba izinga lokufakwa kwendawo kwezingxenye eziyinhloko njengezinto zokunciphisa i-RV lihlala ku-28% kuphela, lo mkhawulo unqotshwa kancane kancane ngocwaningo olubambisene phakathi kwemboni, izazi zemfundo ephakeme, kanye nocwaningo.

Ukuhlelwa Kabusha Kwemakethe: Amathuba Esakhiwo Aqhutshwa Yinqubomgomo Nesidingo

Irobhothi le-servo laseShayina elinama-axis amathathu Imakethe iseduze nokukhula okukhulu, ifinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.5 ngo-2023, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingu-12%-15%. Lokhu kukhula akusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, kodwa kunalokho kukhombisa umehluko omkhulu embonini kanye nokuvela kwezifunda. Umkhakha omusha wezimoto zamandla wenze kahle kakhulu, unikela ngo-32% wokukhula kwemakethe ngo-2023. Amacala okusetshenziswa ezimweni ezifana nokuhlanganiswa kwemoduli yebhethri lamandla kanye nokuhlolwa kwemoduli ye-IGBT kubone ukwanda okungu-54% unyaka nonyaka, okubonisa isidingo esiphuthumayo semishini ezenzakalelayo ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu.

Ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo kwezabelo zenqubomgomo ezinhle kube yisisusa esibalulekile sokwanda kwemakethe. Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lokusebenzisa i-"Robot+", olukhishwe ngokuhlanganyela yi-Ministry of Industry and Information Technology kanye neminye iminyango engu-17, lusho ngokusobala ukuthi ngo-2025, ubuningi bamarobhothi embonini yokukhiqiza buzophindeka kabili uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga ka-2020, futhi kuzokhuthazwa izimo zokusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezivamile. Ezingeni lendawo, i-Jiangsu ne-Guangdong, izinkampani ezimbili ezinkulu zokukhiqiza, zitshale imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezimbili zama-yuan ezikhwameni ezikhethekile, okuqhuba izinga lokungena kwamarobhothi anezingqimba ezintathu phakathi kwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi okukhiqiza kusukela ku-17% ngo-2021 kuya ku-28% ngo-2023. Izikhuthazo zentela zisebenze kahle, njengoba ukuncishiswa okwengeziwe kwezindleko ze-R&D kukhuphuke kusuka ku-75% kuya ku-100%, okuqhuba ngqo ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-12 ekuthengweni kwamarobhothi ngo-2023.

Isimo sokuncintisana emakethe sibhekene nezinguquko ezinkulu. Imikhiqizo yendawo i-Estun ne-Efort inesabelo semakethe esingu-42% esihlangene. Amasu abo okusebenzisa imali kahle ehlise intengo ejwayelekile yemikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe ngo-15%-18%, okusheshisa ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela. Lo mncintiswano uholele ekuhlukanisweni kwamanani okuhlukile: Amanani emikhiqizo ejwayelekile ehle ngo-7% minyaka yonke, kuyilapho iprimiyamu yamamodeli ahlakaniphile anombono ohlanganisiwe iyaqhubeka nokukhula, kanti isabelo sawo semakethe sikhuphuka sisuka ku-18% ngo-2019 saya ku-34% ngo-2023. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kube yimbangela entsha yokukhula, kanti umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuthi ukhuphuke ngo-37% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2023. Isidingo esivela emazweni ahambisana ne-Belt and Road Initiative sinamandla kakhulu, kanti isabelo sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke sisuka ku-18% wamanje saya ku-25% ngo-2025.

Ukuguquka Kwesistimu Yezinto Eziphilayo: Kusukela Kumhlinzeki Wemishini Kuya Kumlingani Wokukhiqiza Ohlakaniphile

Amarobhothi e-servo ane-axis amathathu ashintsha kusukela emishinini ezenzakalelayo ehlukanisiwe kuya kuma-node ayisihluthulelo emafektri edijithali, okuqhuba ukuhlelwa kabusha kweketanga lenani lokukhiqiza. Lokhu kuguqulwa kubonakala ngezindlela ezintathu: Ngokuphathelene nedatha, ukungena kwe-IIoT embonini yokukhiqiza ama-elekthronikhi kufinyelele ku-55% ngo-2024. Amarobhothi asebenzisa izinzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuqoqa idatha yesikhathi sangempela njengokushisa, ukudlidliza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, okusekela ukulungiswa kokubikezela. Ngokuphathelene nezinqubo, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-digital twin kunciphise isikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngo-60%. Umkhiqizi oyedwa wezingxenye zezimoto, ngokusebenzisa i-digital twin simulation, unciphise umjikelezo wakhe omusha wokwethulwa komkhiqizo kusukela emavikini ayi-12 kuya emavikini ama-5. Ngokuphathelene nezinhlelo zemvelo, abakhiqizi bemishini baqala ukunikeza izixazululo eziphelele "zehadiwe + isofthiwe + izinsizakalo", okuholela emalini yenzuzo ephakeme ngokuphindwe kabili-kathathu kunokuthengisa imishini nje.

Ukwanda kwezimo zokusetshenziswa emkhakheni ohlukene kuqeda imingcele yendabuko yemboni. Emkhakheni wemishini yezokwelapha, ukuthengwa kwamarobhothi osizo lokuhlinzwa kukhuphuke ngo-315% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2023, okubonisa izinzuzo zawo eziyingqayizivele ekusebenzeni okunembile. Emkhakheni wokupakisha ukudla, izinga lokungena kwe amarobhothi ane-axis ezintathu ngemiklamo yokulwa nokungcola ikhuphuke isuka ku-19% ngo-2021 yaya ku-34% ngo-2023. Ngisho nakwezolimo, amarobhothi ahlonyiswe ngombono we-AI avumele ukuqoqwa nokuhlukaniswa okunembile kwezithelo nemifino. Ngemuva kwalokhu kungena kwezimboni ezahlukene kukhona ubuciko bokulinganisela ukuhlukahluka kwamapulatifomu obuchwepheshe obuyinhloko kanye nokukhethekile kwezixazululo zezimboni.

Eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, imboni izobhekana nezinselele ezimbili zokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Machinery Directive esanda kumiswa ye-EU yethula izidingo zokuphepha ezintsha ezingu-118, kanti izindleko zesitifiketi zezinkampani eziqondiswe ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuphuke ngo-23%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthambekela ekukhiqizeni kwezinhlobo ezincane, ezinhlotsheni eziningi kudinga ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwemishini. Isihluthulelo sokubhekana nalezi zinselele sisekwakheni ipulatifomu yobuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo—ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kanye nezinzuzo zezindleko ngamamojula ayisisekelo ajwayelekile, ngenkathi kubhekelelwa izidingo ezithile zemboni ngokusebenzisa ama-end effectors angashintshaniswayo kanye nesofthiwe eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Lo modeli ufakazelwe yizinkampani ezihamba phambili. Umkhiqizi oyedwa, ngokuklama okuhambisanayo, wandisa umugqa wakhe womkhiqizo kusuka ku-12 kuya ku-28, ngesikhathi esifanayo efinyeza umjikelezo wakhe we-R&D ngo-40%.

Isiphetho: Ukusebenzisa Ithuba Elihle Lokukhiqiza Okulula Nokuhlakanipha

Kulesi sigaba somlando sokujula kwe-Industry 4.0, inani lamarobhothi e-servo ane-axis amathathu lidlule umkhakha wamathuluzi alula okusebenza kahle, laba yimpahla "yezinga lokuqala" yamasu okuguqulwa kwedijithali kwezinkampani zokukhiqiza. Kumabhizinisi amakhulu, kuyiyunithi ejwayelekile yokwakha amafektri ahlakaniphile; kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi, kuyisisombululo esilula sokuvala igebe lokuzenzakalela; kanti kubakhiqizi bemishini, kuyi-pivot yamasu okushintsha kusuka ekuthengisweni komkhiqizo kuya ekukhiqizweni kwamandla.

Eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, isihluthulelo sempumelelo asigcini nje ngesivinini sokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi nasekuqondeni okujulile izidingo zemboni. Izinkampani ezingaguqula ukunemba kwe-servo kube yikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuqoqwa kwedatha kube ukuqonda kokwenza izinqumo, kanye nezabelo zenqubomgomo zibe yizinzuzo zemakethe zizothatha isinyathelo kuleli gagasi lokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile. Njengoba ubuningi bezimboni ezihlakaniphile eMfuleni iYangtze bufinyelela ku-79% wamazinga athuthukile emhlabeni jikelele, kuyilapho izifunda eziphakathi nezisentshonalanga zisenendawo yokukhula engu-45%, ukushintsha kancane kancane kwemakethe kanye noshintsho lobuchwepheshe bezizukulwane kunikeza amathuba omlando ezinkampanini ezilungiselelwe.

Nge ukukhiqiza imboni ebhekene nezingcindezi ezimbili zokwenyuka kwezindleko zabasebenzi (kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke ngo-46% ngo-2023 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2018) kanye nokuqinisa umncintiswano womhlaba wonke, amarobhothi e-servo anezingqimba ezintathu awaseyona inketho kodwa ayimfuneko yokusinda nentuthuko. Indlela yezobuchwepheshe ekhethiwe, izimakethe zamasu eziqondiwe, kanye nezinhlelo zemvelo ezakhiwe kuzonquma isikhundla sokugcina senkampani endaweni yokukhiqiza ehlakaniphile.