Izinto okufanele uzicabangele mayelana nokuthutha, ezokuthutha, kanye nokususwa kwentela uma uthenga irobhothi le-servo elinezingqimba ezinhlanu

Ukuthenga Irobhothi Le-Servo Eline-Axis Emihlanu: Izinto Okufanele Uzicabangele Ngezokuthutha, Ezokuthutha, kanye Nezokukhishwa Kwempahla Emafektri

Emkhakheni we-automation yezimboni, amarobhothi e-servo ane-axis emihlanu, ngokunemba kwawo okuphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka, sekube yimishini eyinhloko yabakhiqizi abaningi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, lapho uthenga amarobhothi e-servo anezingqimba ezinhlanu kubaphakeli baphesheya kwezilwandle, ukuthutha, kanye nokususwa kwempahla kuvame ukuba nezinselele eziningi. Uma kusingathwa ngendlela engafanele, lokhu akugcini nje ngokuholela ekubambezelekeni kokulethwa kwemishini kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe, kodwa futhi kungabangela umonakalo wemishini, okuthinta nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza. Lesi sihloko sizochaza kabanzi ngezinto ezibalulekile zokufakwa kwempahla kanye nokususwa kwempahla lapho uthenga amarobhothi e-servo anezingqimba ezinhlanu ngezindlela ezine: ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuthenga, yonke inqubo yokufakwa kwempahla kanye nokuthutha, amaphuzu abalulekile okususwa kwempahla, kanye namasu okunciphisa ubungozi. Lokhu kuzosiza izinkampani ukuthi ziqede ngempumelelo ukuthengwa kwemishini kanye nokuqaliswa kwayo.

Okokuqala, Ukulungiselela Ukuthenga Ngaphambi Kokuthenga: Ukuvula Indlela Yokuvunyelwa Kwezokuthutha kanye Nezentela

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthenga irobhothi le-servo eliyi-axis emihlanu, ukulungiselela kahle ngaphambi kokuthenga kubalulekile ekunciphiseni izingozi zokuthutha kanye nokusulwa kwempahla. Izinkampani eziningi zigxila ekucacisweni kwemishini kanye nezingxoxo zamanani, kodwa azinaki umsebenzi wokulungiselela ohlobene nokuthutha kanye nokusulwa kwempahla, okuholela enkambisweni engenzi lutho. Izinyathelo ezintathu ezibalulekile zokulungiselela ezilandelayo zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile:

1. Cacisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwemishini futhi uqinisekise ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuhamba

Amarobhothi e-servo ane-axis emihlanu ayimishini yezimboni enembile. Isisindo, ubukhulu, kanye nezinto zokwakha zezingxenye zawo eziyinhloko (njengezinjini ze-servo, izinciphisi, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula) zithinta ngqo izinketho zokuhamba kanye nezidingo zokususwa kwempahla. Ulwazi olulandelayo kufanele lubhalwe ngokucacile kubahlinzeki ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqala sokuthenga:

Imininingwane yemishini: Lokhu kufaka phakathi isisindo esizimele (izesekeli ezifakiwe kumele zichazwe ngokwehlukana), ubukhulu obuphelele (ubude × ububanzi × ukuphakama, okunembile kuya kusentimitha eliseduze), kanye nesisindo esiphelele kanye nomthamo opakishiwe (okusetshenziselwa ukubala izindleko zokuthutha nokunquma umthamo wokuthwala imoto yokuthutha);

Uhlu lwezingxenye eziyinhloko: Lokhu kufaka phakathi imodeli ye-servo motor, uhlobo lwe-reducer, kanye nohlobo lwesistimu yokulawula (njengemodeli ye-PLC) ukugwema ukubambezeleka ngesikhathi sokususwa kwezimpahla ngenxa yolwazi lwezingxenye olungekho;

Ukuhlonza izimpahla eziyingozi: Ezinhlanu-Amarobhothi e-Axis kungase kube nezinto ezivuthayo ezinhlelweni zabo ze-hydraulic noma ezingxenyeni zokugcoba. Abahlinzeki kufanele bacelwe ukuthi banikeze "Umbiko Wokuhlukaniswa Kwezimpahla Eziyingozi" kusengaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyawela yini ngaphansi kwemithethonqubo yezokuthutha ewela umngcele. Lokhu kungavimbela ukuthunyelwa ekubanjweni ngenxa yokubika okungalungile.

2. Khetha abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zezokuthutha abangochwepheshe bese ucacisa imithwalo yemfanelo

Ukuthutha i-servo ene-axis ezinhlanu Ingalo YamarobhothiI-s idinga amazinga aphezulu kakhulu obuchwepheshe obuvela kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zezokuthutha. Izinkampani ezivamile zezokuthutha zivame ukungabi nolwazi lokuthutha imishini enembile, okwenza kube lula ukwehluleka kwemishini okubangelwa ukugoba nokudlidliza. Lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki wezinsizakalo zezokuthutha, gxila kumakhono alandelayo:

Ulwazi Lwemboni: Beka phambili abahlinzeki abanolwazi lokuthuthwa kwemingcele yezwe Amarobhothi Ezimboni/imishini enembile. Zidinga ukuthi zinikeze izixazululo zokuhamba zangaphambilini (isib., ukuthi zisebenzisa ama-pallet amelana nokudlidliza noma izitsha ezilawulwa amazinga okushisa) kanye nempendulo yamakhasimende.

Isitifiketi Sokufaneleka: Qinisekisa ukuthi umhlinzeki wesevisi unesitifiketi sokubhaliswa kwe-International Freight Forwarding Enterprise kanye nesitifiketi sokubhaliswa kwe-Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC) Business Qualification Certificate. Uma ethutha izimpahla eziyingozi, kumele futhi abe nemvume yokuThutha Emgwaqweni yezimpahla eziyingozi noma iziqu zokuhamba zamazwe ngamazwe ezifanayo.

Izigaba Zenkontileka: Inkontileka yezokuthutha kufanele ichaze ngokucacile umthwalo wemfanelo womonakalo wemishini (isib., uma umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa ubangelwa ukupakishwa okungafanele noma ukudlidliza ngokweqile, umhlinzeki wezokuthutha uzoba nesibopho sokulungisa noma isinxephezelo), kanye nokulibazisa isinxephezelo (isib., uma izimpahla zifika sekwephuzile ngenxa yephutha lomhlinzeki wezokuthutha, kuzokhokhwa inhlawulo yansuku zonke engu-0.5%-1% yenani lenkontileka). Ngaphezu kwalokho, dinga umhlinzeki wezokuthutha ukuthi ahlinzeke ngezinsizakalo zokulandelela imithwalo zenqubo ephelele (isib., ukulandelela i-GPS ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nezaziso zokuvuselela i-node) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani iyazi ngesimo sezimpahla ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Okwesibili, yonke inqubo yezokuthutha kanye nezokuthutha: ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kusukela ekupakisheni kuya ekulethweni

Ukunemba kwe irobhothi le-servo eline-axis ezinhlanu inquma ukuthi inqubo yayo yokuthutha idinga "ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi esigcwele." Ukunganaki kunoma yisiphi isigaba kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okungenakuguqulwa. Lokhu okulandelayo kuchaza izinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe kwezokuthutha kusukela emibonweni emithathu: ukupakisha, ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuthutha, kanye nokuqapha ezokuthutha.

1. Ukupakisha: "Umugqa Wokuqala Wokuzivikela" Wemishini Eqondile

Ukupakisha kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni umonakalo wemishini ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Uhlelo lokupakisha oluhlelwe ngokwezifiso kufanele lwakhiwe ngokusekelwe esakhiweni semishini kanye nendawo yokuthutha. Gwema ukusebenzisa amakhadibhodi ajwayelekile noma amabhokisi enziwe ngokhuni alula.

Isivikelo Sangaphakathi: Izingxenye eziyinhloko ezifana nama-servo motors kanye nama-reducer kufanele zisongwe ngekotoni yama-pearl (ubuncane obungu-5cm ubukhulu) kanye ne-bubble wrap (okungenani izendlalelo ezintathu). I-cushioning foam kufanele ibekwe phakathi kwengxenye kanye nebhokisi lokupakisha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunyakaza. Amabhodi wesekethe yesistimu yokulawula kufanele abekwe ezikhwameni ezihlukene ezilwa nama-static bese emabhokisini angangeni manzi, avalwe ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo ovela kumswakama kanye nogesi oqinile.

Ukupakisha Kwangaphandle: Amabhokisi e-plywood enziwe ngokwezifiso (ubuncane obungu-15mm ubukhulu) kufanele asetshenziswe. Imichilo yokuqinisa yensimbi kufanele ifakwe ngaphakathi kwamabhokisi. Amasondo e-Universal kufanele afakwe phansi ukuze kube lula ukulayisha nokukhipha impahla, futhi kufanele kufakwe omata abavimbela ukushelela ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushelela ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Uma imishini inesisindo esingaphezu kuka-500kg, kufanele kufakwe izikhala ze-forklift phansi kwebhokisi lokhuni ukuze kube lula ukulayisha nokukhipha impahla.

Sula ilebula: Namathisela izimpawu zokuxwayisa ezifana nokuthi "Imishini Eqondile, Isibambo Ngokucophelela," "Beka Phezulu," "Ivikela Umswakama," kanye "Ivikela Ukushaqeka" ezindaweni ezivelele ngaphandle kwebhokisi (usebenzisa izitika ze-fluorescent ukuze kubonakale ebusuku noma ezindaweni ezikhanyayo kancane). Qaphela futhi igama lemishini, imodeli, isisindo esiphelele, ivolumu, kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana lomamukeli ukuze uvimbele ukuphambuka noma ukulahleka.

2. Ukukhetha Indlela Yokuthutha: Ukulinganisela Ukusebenza Kahle Nokuphepha

Ukuthuthwa kwamarobhothi e-servo ahamba ngaphesheya kwemingcele kuhilela kakhulu ukuthuthwa kolwandle noma komoya. Ukukhetha kufanele kusekelwe ekuphuthumeni kokuthenga, inani lamayunithi, kanye nesabelomali. Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe kuzo zombili lezi zindlela yilezi ezilandelayo:

Ukuthuthwa ngolwandle (kufanele ukuthengwa ngobuningi obukhulu, okungadingi ukuphuthuma):

Izinzuzo: Izindleko zokuthutha eziphansi (cishe i-1/3-1/5 yezokuthutha emoyeni), umthamo wokuthwala ophezulu, futhi kufanelekile ukuthutha amarobhothi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Amanothi: Khetha "umthwalo wesikhongozeli ogcwele" (FCL) kunokuthi "umthwalo wesikhongozeli ongaphansi" (LCL) ukuze ugweme ukucindezelwa nokushayisana okubangelwa ukuxubana nezinye izimpahla. Ukuthuthwa olwandle kuthatha isikhathi eside (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-15-30). Izinto zokuvimbela umswakama kufanele zifakwe ngaphakathi kwamabhokisi ezinkuni (amaphakheji angu-2-3 ngemitha ngayinye ye-cubic, ngalinye linesisindo okungenani esingu-500g). Irekhoda yokushisa nomswakama kufanele ifakwe ngaphakathi kwesitsha ukuze iqaphe izinguquko zokushisa nomswakama ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa (izinga lokushisa elifanele kakhulu lingu-5-35°C, umswakama ongu-10-15°C). 40%-60%). Uma inani lidlula leli banga, yazisa umhlinzeki wezokuthutha ngokushesha ukuze alungise.

Ukuhamba Ngendiza (Kufanelekela ukuthenga okuphuthumayo, imishini eyodwa):

Izinzuzo: Ukulethwa okusheshayo (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-3-7), kuhlangabezana ngokushesha nezidingo zokukhiqiza eziphuthumayo.

Amanothi: Qinisekisa ukuthi inkampani yezindiza "ineziqu zokuthwala impahla emoyeni ezinembile" ukuze igweme imishini ekhuluphele ngokweqile (irobhothi elilodwa elinama-axis amahlanu ngokuvamile linesisindo esingu-300-1000kg) noma elingaphezu kwencazelo futhi alikwazi ukulayishwa. Ukuthwala impahla emoyeni kudinga amandla aphezulu okupakisha, futhi kufanele kufakwe izintambo zensimbi ngaphandle kwebhokisi lokhuni ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhekeka ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwengcindezi ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa okuphezulu. Futhi, hlola imishini yokulayisha nokukhipha impahla esikhumulweni sezindiza oya kuso kusenesikhathi (isibonelo, ukuthi kukhona yini ama-forklift asindayo noma imishini yokuphakamisa) ukuze ugweme ukubambezeleka ngenxa yezinkinga zokulayisha impahla esikhumulweni sezindiza.

3. Ukuqapha Kwangaphakathi Kwezokuthutha: Ukulandelela Kwangempela kanye Nokuphendula Okusheshayo Ezimweni Ezingajwayelekile

Ukuqapha okunamandla ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kuyindlela ebalulekile yokunciphisa ubungozi. Amabhizinisi kufanele abambisane nabahlinzeki bezokuthutha ukuze basungule indlela yokuqapha yama-node amaningi:

Ukuqinisekiswa Kwendawo Yokuthutha: Kudingeka abahlinzeki bezokuthutha bahlinzeke ngemibhalo ngokushesha (njengemibhalo yokuthumela, izinombolo ze-waybill, izaziso zokufika, kanye namakhophi askeniwe emibhalo yokuhlanza impahla) ezindaweni ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa, ukulayisha, ukufika, ukuhlanza impahla, kanye nokulethwa endlini ngendlu, ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka kuzo zonke izigaba.

Ukuphathwa Kwesimo Esingavamile: Uma kwenzeka izinto ezibangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwamandla njengeziphepho, ukuminyana kwechweba, kanye nokubambezeleka kwezindiza, abahlinzeki bezokuthutha kumele banikeze "Incazelo Yesimo Esingavamile" kanye "Nohlelo Lokuphendula" (njengokushintsha umzila, ukushintsha izindiza/imikhumbi), futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo babuyekeze isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokufika (i-ETA) zingakapheli amahora angama-24. Noma yikuphi ukuma okungajwayelekile kwempahla (njengokuphambuka emzileni ohleliwe noma ukubambezeleka okude) kumele kuxoxwe nomhlinzeki wezokuthutha ngokushesha ukuze kuphenywe noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokulahleka kwempahla noma ukuboshwa.

Okwesithathu, ukuvunyelwa kwentela yempahla: Ukuthobela izimemezelo zentela yempahla kubalulekile ekugwemeni izithiyo zentela yempahla.

Ukusulwa kwempahla yamasiko kwezingalo ze-servo robotic ezine-axis ezinhlanu kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwemishini, ukulungiswa kwamadokhumenti, kanye nokubalwa kwentela. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo yokumemezela impahla yamasiko kungabangela ukuhlolwa kwempahla yamasiko, ukuboshwa, izinhlawulo, futhi kuthinte ngisho neziqu zokungenisa zenkampani ezilandelayo. Lokhu okulandelayo kunemininingwane yezinyathelo zokuvikela impahla yamasiko ezivela ezicini ezintathu: ukulungiselela kusengaphambili ukusulwa kwempahla, amaphuzu abalulekile okumemezela, kanye nokuphatha ukuhlolwa kwempahla yamasiko:

1. Imvume kusengaphambili: Lungiselela amadokhumenti aphelele kusenesikhathi bese uqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa kanye namazinga entela

Ukuphelela nokunemba kwemibhalo yokukhishwa kwempahla kuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze kukhishwe impahla ngendlela ehlelekile. Izinkampani kufanele zilungiselele le mibhalo elandelayo ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10 ngaphambi kokufika kwezimpahla futhi ziqinisekise ukuhlukaniswa kwemishini kanye namazinga entela yokungenisa impahla:

Uhlu Lwemibhalo Eyinhloko:

I-invoyisi Yezentengiselwano (kumele ibonise igama lomshini, imodeli, inani, intengo yeyunithi, intengo iyonke, imigomo yokuhweba efana ne-FOB/CIF, kanye nendlela yokukhokha);

Uhlu Lokupakisha (kumele luhambisane ne-invoyisi yezentengiselwano, olukhombisa isisindo esiphelele, ivolumu, kanye nokuqukethwe okuningiliziwe kwephakheji ngayinye);

I-Bill of Lading (i-ocean bill of lading noma i-air waybill, eqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu othumela impahla futhi wazise umuntu ophethe ulwazi ilungile nokuthi ukuvunyelwa kwe-bill of lading kuyahlangabezana nezidingo);

Isitifiketi Sokuqala (uma imishini ivela ezweni elinesivumelwano sokuhweba samahhala neShayina/ Ezifundeni ezifana ne-ASEAN ne-EU, unganikeza isitifiketi sokuqala ukuze ufake isicelo sokwehliswa kwentela kanye nokukhululwa, ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthenga.

Incwadi yemiyalelo yemishini (kumele ifake isimiso sokusebenza sedivayisi, uhlu lwezingxenye eziyinhloko, kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinguqulo zesiShayina nesiNgisi ukuze kube lula ukuqonda imisebenzi yedivayisi ngokwesiko).

Ilayisense yokungenisa (Uma irobhothi le-servo elinezingqimba ezinhlanu lihlukaniswa ngokuthi "izimpahla zokungenisa ezizenzakalelayo," kufanele ufake isicelo selayisense yokungenisa ezenzakalelayo kusengaphambili kuMnyango Wezohwebo noma iziphathimandla zezentengiselwano zasendaweni ukuze ugweme ukuboshwa ngenxa yokungenisa okungenalayisensi).

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemishini kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwezinga lentela: Ngokusho kwe-"Customs Tariff of the People's Republic of China," amarobhothi e-servo ane-axis emihlanu ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa ngokuthi "amarobhothi ezimboni" ngekhodi yentela ethi "90138030" (ukuhlukaniswa okuthile kuncike ekusebenzeni kanye nesakhiwo sedivayisi. Kunconywa ukubonisana nomthengisi wezimpahla ochwepheshe noma isikhungo sokuhlukaniswa kwezimpahla). Izintela zokungenisa ngokuvamile ziyi-5%-8%, kanti izinga le-VAT liyi-13%. Kuyadingeka ukubala izindleko zentela kusenesikhathi futhi ulungiselele imali eyanele yokukhokha.

2. Amaphuzu Abalulekile Esimemezelo: Memezela Iqiniso, Gwema Ukungasho Kahle Noma Ukucasha

Uma umemezela ukuvunyelwa kwentela, landela ngokuqinile isimiso "sesimemezelo esiyiqiniso" ukuze ugweme izingozi ezibangelwa "amanani angadalulwanga kahle" noma "izingxenye ezifihlayo":

Isimemezelo Sentengo: Intengo eku-invoyisi yezentengiselwano kumele ihambisane nentengo yangempela yokuthengiselana (kufaka phakathi intengo yemishini, izesekeli, impahla, umshwalense, njll. Uma kusetshenziswa igama lokuhweba le-CIF, inani lempahla kanye nomshwalense kumele liboniswe). Lokhu kuvimbela amasiko ekuboneni "ukushushumbisa" ngenxa "yesimemezelo esingaphansi kwesimemezelo" futhi abhekane nezinhlawulo (ngokuvamile izikhathi ezingu-1-3 zentela engakhokhelwa) noma ukuphucwa izimpahla. Uma imishini "iyisampula" noma "iphakethe lesilingo," kumele kuhlinzekwe "Isimemezelo Sokungabi Nani Lezentengiselwano", esithi "Ngezinjongo zokuhlola kuphela, hhayi ukuthengiswa" ukuze kugwenywe ukukhokha intela kanye nemali ngokweqile ngokuyimemezela njengezimpahla ezivamile.

Isimemezelo Sengxenye: Zonke izingxenye zemishini (kufaka phakathi ama-servo motors, ama-reducers, amakhebula, izinhlelo zokulawula, njll.) kumele zibhalwe ngokuphelele ohlwini lokupakisha kanye nefomu lesimemezelo ukuze kugwenywe ukubambezeleka kokuvunyelwa kwentela okubangelwa "ukufihla izingxenye eziyinhloko" ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Uma izingxenye zihilela "Isitifiketi se-3C" (njengezinjini nezingxenye zikagesi), "Isitifiketi Sesitifiketi Esiphoqelekile SaseShayina" (Isitifiketi se-3C) kumele sinikezwe kusengaphambili. Izingxenye ezingenaso Isitifiketi se-3C kumele zifake isicelo "Sesitifiketi Sokukhululwa se-3C"; ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuvunyelwa kwentela kuzonqatshwa.

3. Ukuhlolwa Kwempahla Yamasiko: Bambisana Ngenkuthalo Futhi Ulungiselele Kusenesikhathi

Izingalo zerobhothi ze-servo ezi-axis ezinhlanu ziyimishini enembile futhi zinenani eliphezulu, okwenza zibe namathuba amaningi okuhlolwa ngamakhasimende. Izinkampani kumele zilungiselele kusenesikhathi futhi zibambisane ngenkuthalo nokuhlolwa kwamakhasimende ukuze kugwenywe ukubambezeleka okubangelwa izimpendulo ezingafanele:

Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokuhlola: Ngaphambi kokuba izimpahla zifike echwebeni, xhumana nomthengisi wezimpahla ukuze uqonde amaphuzu avamile okuhlolwa kwezimpahla (njengokuthi imishini iyahambisana yini nolwazi olumenyezelwe, ukuthi izingxenye ziphelele yini, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini impahla efihliwe). Lungisa incwadi yemiyalelo yemishini, uhlu lwezingxenye, nezinye izinto ukuze kube lula ukuhlolwa kwezimpahla. Uma imishini idinga ukuhlolwa kwamandla, lungisa i-adaptha yamandla (ehambisana nezindinganiso ze-voltage zaseShayina) kusengaphambili. 220V) ukuze uvumele izimpahla ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwedivayisi.

Ukubambisana Ngesikhathi Senqubo Yokuhlola: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwempahla yamasiko, uchwepheshe ojwayelene nemishini kumele abe khona ukuze asize amasiko ekuqinisekiseni imodeli, ubuningi, kanye nezingxenye zemishini futhi aphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo ephathelene nokusebenza kwayo. Uma amasiko edinga ukukhishwa kwempahla ukuze kuhlolwe, yala abasebenzi abalayishayo nabehlisa impahla ukuba baphathe imishini ngokucophelela ukuze bagweme umonakalo ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla. Ngemva kokuba ukuhlolwa sekuqediwe, qinisekisa ukuphawula kwamasiko kumarekhodi okuhlola. Uma kuvela noma yikuphi ukuphikisa, xhumana ngokushesha nomthengisi wamasiko kanye namasiko ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezilandelayo ezibangelwa ukungafani kumarekhodi.

Ukucutshungulwa Ngemva Kokuhlola: Uma ukuhlolwa kujwayelekile, amasiko azokhipha "Isaziso Sokuhlola Nokukhululwa" futhi ungaqhubeka nezinqubo zokuhlanza amasiko. Uma ukuhlolwa kwembula noma yiziphi izinkinga (njengokungafani esimemezelweni noma imibhalo engekho), kufanele unikeze ngokushesha ulwazi olwengeziwe (njengokuthumela kabusha isitifiketi semvelaphi noma ukufaka isicelo sesitifiketi sokukhululwa se-3C) noma wenze ukulungisa (njengokulungisa ulwazi olumenyezelwe) njengoba kudingeka amasiko. Uma ukulungiswa sekuqediwe, faka isicelo sokuhlola kabusha ukuqinisekisa ukususwa okusheshayo.

Okwesine, isu lokuphendula ngengozi: Sungula indlela "yohlelo lwezimo eziphuthumayo + ukubuyekeza" yokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa.

Ngisho noma kulungiselelwe kahle, izimo ezingalindelekile zingase zivele ngesikhathi senqubo yezokuthutha kanye nokususwa kwezimpahla. Izinkampani zidinga ukusungula indlela "yohlelo lwengozi kanye nokubuyekezwa kwangemva kwesehlakalo" ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuthengwa okulandelayo:

1. Uhlelo Lokubhekana Nengozi: Yakha uhlelo lokuphendula kusenesikhathi ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa

Ngezingozi ezivamile ezingase zivele ngesikhathi sokuhanjiswa kwempahla kanye nokukhishwa kwentela, "uhlelo lokuphendula olunezigaba" kufanele luthuthukiswe kusenesikhathi:

Ingozi Yomonakalo Wemishini: Ngesikhathi sokuthenga, sayina "Isivumelwano Sewaranti Yemishini" nomhlinzeki ukuze uchaze ngokucacile imithwalo yemfanelo yokulungisa umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa (isibonelo, umhlinzeki kumele ahlinzeke ngohlelo lokulungisa zingakapheli amahora angu-72 ethole isaziso somonakalo, futhi izindleko zokulungisa zizothwalwa yiqembu elinomthwalo wemfanelo). Futhi, thenga "umshwalense wokuthutha owela umngcele" wemishini (isb., umshwalense wengozi yonke onomshuwalense okungenani ongu-110% wenani eliphelele lemishini). Lo mshwalense umboza umonakalo wemishini obangelwe ukushayisana, ukudlidliza, umlilo, izinhlekelele zemvelo, nezinye izingozi ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izicelo zomshwalense zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa izindleko uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa.

Ingozi Yokulibaziseka Kwamasiko: Enkontilekeni yokuthenga, vumelana nomhlinzeki mayelana "nesibopho Sokulibaziseka Kwamasiko" (uma ukusulwa kwamasiko kubambezeleka ngenxa yamadokhumenti angaphelele anikezwe ngumhlinzeki, umhlinzeki uzothwala inhlawulo yokulethwa sekwephuzile). Futhi, gcina "isikhathi se-buffer" ukuze ulinganise isikhathi sokufika esilinganiselwe semishini nezidingo zokukhiqiza zenkampani (isb., ngaphambi kokufika kwemishini). Ukuthunyelwa kungahlelwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-15-20) ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza okubangelwa ukubambezeleka kokusulwa kwamasiko.

Ingozi yokwenyuka kwezintela kanye nezimali: Xhumana nomthengisi wezimpahla kusengaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuhlukaniswa kwemishini ukuze ugweme ukukhokhwa ngokweqile kwezintela kanye nezimali ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa okungalungile. Uma izinto zamasiko ziphikisana nentengo emenyezelwe, lungiselela "izinto ezisekela intengo" (njengezinkontileka zokuthengiselana zesikhathi esidlule, amanani emakethe emishini efanayo, kanye nezitatimende zokubalwa kwezindleko zomhlinzeki) kusengaphambili ukuze ufakazele ukufaneleka kwentengo emenyezelwe kumabhizinisi futhi ugweme ukulinganisa ngokweqile intengo ngamabhizinisi, okungaholela ekukhuleni kwezintela kanye nezimali.

2. Ukubuyekezwa kwangemva komcimbi: Fingqa izifundo ezifundiwe futhi uthuthukise izinqubo ezilandelayo

Ngemva kokuthenga ngakunye, izinkampani kufanele zihlele umhlangano wokubuyekezwa kwangemva komcimbi neminyango yezokuthutha, yokuthenga, yezezimali, kanye neminye iminyango efanele ukuze kubukezwe izinkinga nezifundo ezifundwe ngesikhathi senqubo yezokuthutha kanye nokususwa kwempahla:

Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga: Bhala phansi noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlangatshezwe ngesikhathi sokuthenga (isib., ukulethwa okulibazisekile ngumhlinzeki wezokuthutha, amadokhumenti okukhishwa kwezimpahla angekho, izimpahla ezibanjwe yizokuthutha), bese uhlaziya izimbangela (isib., ukungalungiselelwa kahle kwedokhumenti yokuqala, ukukhethwa okungalungile komhlinzeki wezokuthutha, ulwazi olungalungile lwesimemezelo, njll.);

Izifundo: Thuthukisa "izindlela zokuthuthukisa" zenkinga ngayinye (isb., ukuvuselela uhlu lokuhlola lokulungiselela amadokhumenti, ukusungula uhlelo lokuhlola abahlinzeki bezokuthutha, ukwenza ngcono inqubo yokumemezela), bese ufaka lezi zifundo ezifundwe ku-"Procurement SOP" (Inqubo Ejwayelekile Yokusebenza) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkinga ezifanayo ziyagwenywa ngesikhathi sokuthenga okulandelayo;

Ukuhlolwa kozakwethu: Hlola isilinganiso sokwaneliseka komhlinzeki wezokuthutha kanye nomthengisi wezimpahla (ngokusekelwe esivinini sokuphendula isevisi, ubungcweti, ukulawula izindleko, kanye namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga). Khetha ozakwethu abasezingeni eliphezulu bokubambisana kwesikhathi eside bese ususa labo abanesevisi embi kanye nokungasebenzi kahle.

Isiphetho
Izici zezokuthutha, ezokuthutha kanye nezokusulwa kwentela ze- ukuthenga ingalo yerobhothi ye-servo enezingqimba ezinhlanu kuyiphrojekthi ehlelekile, edinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kuzo zonke izici ezine: ukulungiselela kwangaphambi kokukhiqiza, ukulawulwa kwezokuthutha, ukuthobela imithetho yokukhishwa kwempahla, kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi. Izinkampani akufanele zigxile kuphela ekhwalithini nasentengo yemishini ngokwayo, kodwa futhi nasezindleleni ezifihliwe kanye nezingozi zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kanye nokukhishwa kwempahla. Ngokukhetha abalingani abangochwepheshe, ukulungiselela kahle amadokhumenti, kanye nokusungula indlela yokuqapha, zingaqinisekisa ukulethwa okubushelelezi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini. Kuphela ngokuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kanye nokukhishwa kwempahla enkampanini yonke lapho singafinyelela khona ngempela ukuthengwa okuphumelelayo kwezingalo ze-servo robotic ezine-axis ezinhlanu futhi sinikeze isisekelo esiqinile sezinkampani ezithuthukela ekukhiqizweni okuzenzakalelayo.